第992期：天凉了，做一锅暖暖的蔬菜汤吧

发布于2020年10月17日2020年10月17日作者:佛老

最近接连读了两本关于研究百岁老人的书，看到大多数长寿的人都以蔬菜作为每天的主食。很多百岁老人每天都喝蔬菜汤。

今天我们就来聊聊与此有关的话题和几个相似的英语单词。

蔬菜汤的英文怎么说？

Vegetable soup?

这可能是绝大多数人的第一反应。但蔬菜汤不一定都是 soup. 也可能是 stew, chowder, 或者 bisque, 这几个词在字典上注释都是汤。

别急，我慢慢讲，读完今天这篇小文你就明白，并且能学会做蔬菜汤。

The Difference Between Soup and Stew

Both soup and stew are a combination of vegetables, meat, or fish cooked in liquid. What sets these two warm and hearty dishes apart is the amount of liquid that’s used for each, with stews generally containing less liquid than soup.

简单说就是 soup 指的是很稀的那种，水加的多。

Stew 的水没那么多，用文火慢炖，做好后是糊状，可以当一道菜或主食。

今天讲的蔬菜汤准确的说法应该是 — vegetable stew.

如果你觉得英语词汇太复杂，好多词表示同一个意思，想想法语。法语词汇更复杂，光 wine 就有近3000种，每种 wine 都会有好几个不同的词。此不赘述。

我们常说的心灵鸡汤叫 chicken soup，不叫 chicken stew，因为主要为的是喝汤，不是吃里面的鸡肉。

西餐里的汤大致分为两大类：clear soups （清汤）、thick soups（浓汤）。

比 stew 更浓的汤英文叫 chowder，一般翻译成“杂烩浓汤”，里面放的食材很丰富，大多都有海鲜，所以也叫海鲜浓汤。

法国餐里有一种汤叫 Bisques，就是所谓的“法式浓汤”，但特指以贝壳类海鲜为主的浓汤（typically shellfish cooked in a flavored liquid. Bisques are known for their thick, creamy texture and rich flavor.）

好了，基本上知道了以上四种汤的说法就足够了：soup, stew, chowder, bisque.

你或许听说过一句英语谚语：too many cooks spoil the broth，字面意思是“太多厨师会把汤做坏”，意思就是有时候出主意的人太多了，反而坏事。

*参见旧文 – 第300期： too many cooks in the kitchen

这句谚语里的 broth 也是汤的意思，但 broth 跟 soup 和 stew 不一样，指的是类似我们熟悉的“高汤”，用大骨头熬出来增加鲜味的底汤，不是直接喝的那种汤。

Broth is a savory liquid made of water in which bones, meat, or vegetables have been simmered. It can be eaten alone, but it is most commonly used to prepare other dishes, such as soups, gravies, and sauces.

讲到这里，是不是有点馋了？

秋风劲了，一天比一天凉了，平时在家自己做一锅蔬菜汤是个暖身的好办法，很养生。

以下的 vegetable stew 做法仅供参考：

How to cook a hearty vegetable stew for you:

Preparation

1. In large pot or Dutch oven, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Once the oil begins to shimmer, add the mushrooms and cook for about 5 minutes, or until most of their juices have been released.

2. Add the onions, carrots, and celery, and cook for 4-5 minutes, or until onions are semi-translucent.

3. Add the garlic, rosemary, thyme, pepper, tomato paste, and soy sauce, and cook for 2-3 more minutes, until the herbs are fragrant.

4. Add the flour and stir until fully incorporated. Add the wine and stir until mostly absorbed.

5. Add the potatoes, vegetable broth, and bay leaves, and bring to a boil. Reduce the heat to medium-low and simmer for 45 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the potatoes are tender and the stew has thickened.

6. Remove the bay leaves.

7. Enjoy!

这个 recipe 摘自 – https://tasty.co/recipe/hearty-vegetable-stew

这个网站教你做各种好吃的食物：https://tasty.co/

参考资源