第396期:Are you a cookie-cutter person?

今天我们来学一个轻松的词:cookie cutter.

昨天我们知道了cookie这个词是从荷兰语借来的,cookie这个词在美国英语中用的较多,跟英国英语或Commonwealth English中的biscuit意思不太一样。

Cookie is an American English name, which was derived from the Dutch word ‘koekje’ which means ’little cake’.

上图是一般意义上的cookie.

上图是一般意义上的biscuit.

本文不多讲cookie和biscuit的区别了,那是中学老师的事。如果要仔细讲起来,在美国英语中和英国英语中,cookie, biscuit, cracker, scone这些小零食其实指的都不是同样的东西,但这不是佛老关注的方向。

今天我们来说一个西方国家常用的厨房用具:cookie cutter 意思是“饼干模子”、“曲奇成型刀”、“饼切”,大概就这几个汉语名称吧。

由于曲奇和饼干这种东西是西洋人经常在家手工自制的小点心,东方人很少这样做,所以我们对cookie cutter这种东西不太熟悉。

用Cookie cutter把烤好的饼干切成某个形状,每个切出来的小曲奇形状都一样,英语中就根据这个特性引申出了cookie cutter这个词的一层常用意思,表示:没有个性、没特点、没创意、千篇一律。这时候一般作词用。

来看两个例句:

She does not have her own style, she is cookie cutter. 她没有自己的风格,很没个性。
That movie was so cookie cutter, nothing surprised me. 那部电影一点新意都没有,没什么让我惊喜的。

*Cookie cutter作形容词时,最好在两个词中间加个连字符,变成cookie-cutter,这样最正规。但不加连字符也不算错。

用英语解释这层意思就是:Identical to other things.

又例如很多建筑物千篇一律,没有个性,就可以说是 a row of cookie-cutter houses 一排千篇一律毫无个性的房子

在英语中如果说某人是 a cookie-cutter person,意思是说那个人每天的生活很规律,很古板守旧,为人处事按部就班,从不干任何出格的事,也没什么脾气,放在人堆里完全看不见他。

A person that is very traditional with a high level of predictability.
Usually, this type of person is average in many areas and seeks a life
of security, simple pleasures, companionship, comfort, and flying under
the radar. These are the people that are known to follow the rules and
color inside the lines.

佛老脑海里此时跳出一个人来:哲学史上绕不开的一个巨人——Immanuel Kant(康德)。

康德一辈子就他一个人,没有结过婚没有女人没有私生子甚至没有养过宠物。此公每天的生活就像德国火车或瑞士手表一样精确,以至于他的邻居经常用他的出现来对表。

据说康德老先生的每天是这样度过的:

He got up at 5:00
A.M. 早上5点整起床。

Kant would drink one or two cups of tea — weak
tea. 喝一两杯淡茶。

With that, he smoked a pipe of tobacco. 就着茶抽一斗烟,抽烟时沉思。然后开始写作或备课。

His lectures began at 7:00, and they would last until
11:00. 7点到11点讲课。

With the lectures finished, he worked again on his writings until
lunch. 下了课继续写作然后吃午饭。

Kant would go to a restaurant or a pub for lunch, his only real meal of
the day. 去餐馆或酒吧吃午饭,康德每天只吃这一顿。

Lunch might go until as late as 3:00, after
which Kant took his famous walk and visited his cl
osest friend, Joseph
Green. 午饭经常吃到下午三点,然后开始
他著名的“哲学散步”(听说过“哲学小道”吧?)然后去找好朋友约瑟夫-格林吹牛。

They would converse until 7:00 on weekdays (9:00 on weekends,
perhaps joined by another friend). 在格林家云天雾地吹牛直到晚上七点或九点,然后回家。

Returning home, Kant would do some
more work and read before going to bed precisely at 10:00. 再看会儿书,10点睡觉。

每天如此,从无中断。每天几点几分到哪里,做什么,都是分秒不差。这位哲学巨人就这样规律地生活了79年,于1804年2月12日辞世。

康德就是一个典型的cookie cutter person.

*有兴趣了解康德生平和哲学思想的读者可参考斯坦福大学在线哲学百科全书的康德频道:https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/#LifWor