第977期:吃了一星期菌菇火锅,let’s talk about mushrooms

这几天在云南几乎每天都吃野生菌菇火锅,赶上了菌菇最后的尾巴,再过几天就吃不到新鲜菌菇了。

今天我们就来聊聊蘑菇。

云南人普遍把菌菇称为“菌子”(“菌”字读第四声)。所谓菌菇,其实指的是菌类(fungus,复数 fungi)和蘑菇(mushroom)。

我们通常说的“蘑菇”英语应该叫mushroom,指的只是fungi(真菌类)这种生物的果实部分。所有mushroom都属于fungi,但不是所有fungi都叫mushroom.

再说得精确点,mushroom指的是有stem(茎), cap(帽、盖)和 gill(菌褶)这三种部位的fungus.

能吃的菌菇是 edible mushrooms. 有毒的蘑菇叫 toxic mushrooms.

除了云南人,大多数人认识的蘑菇超不过十种,Shiitake Mushroom 香菇、King Oyster Mushroom 杏鲍菇、Oyster Mushroom 平菇、Enoki Mushroom 金针菇(俗称 See you tomorrow. 因为不好消化,今天吃下去什么样,明天拉出来还什么样。)、Matsutake 松茸。

蘑菇种类太多了,列举不完。

推荐一篇文章,教你认识所有 edible mushrooms: Edible Fungi List – https://www.ediblewildfood.com/edible-fungi.aspx

在英语俚语中,mushroom大多有不好的意思。

例如 If you call a person a mushroom, you’re telling that person that they have a low I.Q. 就是弱智、傻子的意思。

又如 to treat someone like a mushroom 意思是 to keep him in the dark and feed him manure (大粪)。

英语还有一些习惯用语包含 mushroom.

例如形容一个事物发展很快,可以说 like mushrooms. 类似汉语的“雨后春笋”。

例句:

As the economy recovered and jobs became more plentiful, high-rise apartments started popping up like mushrooms to accommodate the huge influx of worker pouring into the city.

还有一个说法 mushroom into something,意思是扩张、发展壮大。

例句:

We started out as a small mom-and-pop shop, but the business mushroomed into a huge nationwide chain in just a few years!

明天继续吃菌子去。