第1181期:世界上最危险和最安全的城市是哪里?
衡量一个城市的危险程度和安全性不是件容易的事。
有一个玩笑的说法:判断一个城市安全不安全,只要看看半夜街头是否有单身女子悠闲地行走就可以了。
这当然也是一个视角,但假如某个城市街头半夜走着很多有特殊技术的女人,那就不好说了。
另外,人们还有一个普遍的误区——对自己熟悉的环境不容易感觉的危险因素。所以我们经常在新闻上看到某地很乱,你去问当地人,当地人却并不觉得太乱。因为习惯了,漠然了。
所以,真正衡量一个城市的危险和安全程度还得靠数据和科学的方法。
关于城市的安全程度,最著名的一个指标是经济学人杂志旗下的情报中心每年发布的 Safest City Index (SCI). (EIU – The Economist Intelligence Unit)
这个指数参照近60个参数(indicators),从四个大的方面来衡量一个城市的安全性。
- Digital security
This domain evaluates the level of which citizens can roam digital channels without fear of cyber violations or threats
- Health security
The index measures health security based on how cities perform in regard to environmental policies as well as the quality and accessibility of health care.
- Infrastructure security
Factors including physical builds, vulnerability to disasters, terrorist attacks and transportation safety are considered under this category.
- Personal security
Crime rates, natural disasters and man-made threats are all accounted for when measuring cities’ personal security level.
*Ref: https://www.propertycasualty360.com/2019/12/18/the-worlds-10-safest-cities-in-2019/?slreturn=20210321214941
世界上最安全的城市是哪里?
2019 – The World’s Safest Cities (top 10, ranked overall,满分为100)
1. Tokyo, Japan – SCI总分92
2. Singapore, Singapore – SCI 总分91.5
3. Osaka, Japan – SCI总分90.9
4. Amsterdam, Netherlands
5. Sydney, Australia
6. Toronto, Canada
7. Washington, D.C.
8. Copenhagen, Denmark
9. Seoul, South Korea
10. Melbourne, Australia
*https://safecities.economist.com/
打开上面这个网址,你会看到生动有趣的讲解和展示。
除EIU SCI之外,还有两个网站每年会发布全球各大城市的危险和安全指数:
Statistica.com
Numbeo.com
世界上最危险的城市是哪里?
衡量一个城市的危险程度一般参照指标是每10万居民中的谋杀案比率(murder
rate per 100,000 inhabitants)
根据Numbeo.com
Crime Index by City 2021统计:
*图片采自https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings.jsp,
*Crime index数字越大表示犯罪率越高,越危险;safety
index数字越小表示越安全。
根据statistica.com的统计,top
10是:
根据Wikipedia,按照命案率(murder
rate)排名, 50 most dangerous cities in the world,
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_murder_rate
不同渠道排名不一样,基本上最危险的城市都在南美洲和南非。
*免费下载文中提到的 Safe City Index 2019 全文报告:https://safecities.economist.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Aug-5-ENG-NEC-Safe-Cities-2019-270×210-19-screen.pdf