第1619期:初试昆曲(Kunqu Opera)

假期学了一门香港中文大学的网课 “The Beauty of Kunqu Opera”(昆曲之美),是我第一次走近传说中的昆曲的世界。美,真是美,难怪那么多人心醉。

昆曲这个词在英文里一般就使用汉语拼音 Kunqu 或 Kunqu Opera,或者加上一句注释:a form of Chinese drama that developed in the 16th century.

昆曲也叫昆剧或昆山腔,也叫昆山水磨调,形容其曲调的温婉绵长,起源于江苏昆山,最脍炙人口的剧目大概要属汤显祖的《牡丹亭》了。

牡丹亭的故事梗概:16岁的官家小姐杜丽娘在花园里做了个春梦,梦中遇见一个书生柳梦梅,两人发生了肉体关系。梦醒后,杜丽娘陷入相思,不久郁郁而死。三年后,杜丽娘魂游与真实的柳梦梅再度相见。柳梦梅掘开坟墓,杜丽娘还阳,二人终结连理。

当然中间的过程很曲折,还有很多磨难和情节,自不必说。

《牡丹亭》向来是禁 书,不难理解,故事情节太少儿不宜,古代哪个当官的敢让自家的青春期小孩看这个故事?

即便你没听过昆曲,没看过牡丹亭,大概也听过几句话,例如:良辰美景奈何天、如花美眷,似水流年,这些话都出自《牡丹亭》。

书中的句子都写得很美,但很难翻译。我们来一起欣赏几句:

原来姹紫嫣红开遍,似这般都付与断井颓垣。

The flowers in purple and red

Scattering here and there

Yet only accompanied by

Dry wells and ruined fence

良辰美景奈何天,赏心乐事谁家院。

What a pleasant day and

A wonderful night

In a private garden that is

Full of delight

上面这几句不知谁翻译的,我在一个网站看到的,随手摘录下来,但不是我的译文。

https://www.viewofchina.com/peony-pavilion/

还看到一个译本:

原来姹紫嫣红开遍,似这般都付与断井颓垣。良辰美景奈何天,赏心乐事谁家院。

See how deepest purple, brightest scarlet
open their beauty only to dry well crumbling.

Bright the morn, lovely the scene, 
listless and lost the heart
—where is the garden gay with joyous cries?

*The Peony Pavilion, trans. Cyril Birch (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2002), p. 44

译本三:

原来姹紫嫣红开遍,似这般都付与断井颓垣。良辰美景奈何天,赏心乐事谁家院。

What a riot of brilliant purple and tender crimson,

Among the ruined wells and crumbling walls.

What an enchanting sight on this fine morning,

But who is there that takes delight in the spring?

*trans. Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang(杨宪益、戴乃迭), in A Dream of Red Mansions, Vol. 2 (Foreign Languages Press, 1978), p. 645

初识昆曲,惊为天籁。美。


Reference

https://www.coursera.org/learn/kunqu-opera/home/welcome

https://www.britannica.com/art/kunqu